Glossary

Admission, Discharge, Transfer (ADTs) are notifications sent via electric health records (EHRs) to alert other providers when a patient is admitted to a care setting, transferred to another facility or discharged from a care setting.

API is an acronym forApplication Programming Interface – a software intermediary that allows two applications to talk to each other. 

An appeal is a formal request for review of a denied prior authorization. The healthcare provider or patient may appeal if they believe the denial was incorrect or unjust. 

The appeals process is the formal process by which healthcare providers or patients can challenge a denial of prior authorization or coverage decision made by the insurance company. 

Authorization is the approval granted by a healthcare insurance plan for a specific service, treatment, or referral. Some referrals may require prior authorization for coverage.

Clinical Data Exchange (CDex)  

CDS provides a way to embed additional, near real-time functionality within a clinician’s workflow of an EHR. A specified event(s) within the clinician’s workflow triggers a CDS hook, which gathers the appropriate specified data elements through secure Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources® (FHIR®) services. By utilizing FHIR services, CDS Hooks provides interoperability between multiple stakeholders operating on different platforms. 

Clinical Review is the process of assessing the medical necessity and appropriateness of a requested healthcare service, often conducted by medical professionals employed by the insurance carrier.

Closed-loop referral is a referral system that includes communication and feedback loops between the referring provider and the specialist, ensuring coordination of care and follow-up information.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released the CMS Interoperability and Prior Authorization Final Rule (CMS-0057-F) on January 17, 2024. This final rule emphasizes the need to improve health information exchange to achieve appropriate and necessary access to health records for patients, healthcare providers, and payers. This final rule also focuses on efforts to improve prior authorization processes through policies and technology to help ensure that patients remain at the center of their care.

A CQL is a FHIR-compliant standard to represent payer “rules” for payer medical necessity and best clinical practice requirements that may affect the ability to have certain services or devices covered by the responsible payer. 

The Coverage Requirements Discovery (CRD) is a component of the Da Vinci HL7 FHIR Project for electronic prior authorizations. CRD enables the exchange of coverage plan requirements from payers to providers at the time of treatment decisions, patient-specific with a goal to increase transparency for all parties of coverage that may impact services rendered, i.e., is prior authorization required, are there other predecessor steps; lab tests required, physical therapy. 

A diagnostic code is a numerical code used to represent specific medical diagnoses, often according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding system.

DTR leverages FHIR Questionnaires combined with embedded CQL logic and associated value sets to retrieve existing information, prompt for additional relevant information, and manage the logic process of determining which questions need to be answered (and what answer choices are relevant). The function of rendering these questionnaires and capturing the information in patient-specific questionnaires. Responses can occur through SMART on FHIR applications or functionality embedded directly into the electronic health record (EHR).

EDI 278 is the transaction request used to submit authorization and referral requests electronically.

EDI 278I is the transaction used to check the status of previously submitted authorizations and notifications.

EDI 278N is the exchange of admission notification data between an inpatient facility and insurers.

Electronic Health Record is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history.

Electronic Prior Authorization is the digital submission and processing of prior authorization requests, which can streamline the approval process and reduce paperwork.

Expedited Prior Authorization is an accelerated process for obtaining approval for urgent or life-threatening medical services, typically with a quicker turnaround time.

The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) 1 standard defines how healthcare information can be exchanged between different computer systems regardless of how it is stored in those systems.

A Formulary is a list of prescription drugs covered by a health insurance plan and information on their tier or cost-sharing level. Prior authorization may be required for medications not on the formulary.

FQHCs are primary care clinics that receive federal funds to provide healthcare services to underserved communities. They operate in both rural and urban areas designated as shortage areas.

Gold Carding is when payers waive prior authorization on services and prescriptions ordered by providers with a proven track record of prior authorization approvals.

Green Lighting uses real-time, physician and code-specific data to avoid prior authorization requirements.

A healthcare provider is a person or organization that provides medical services or care to patients. This can include hospitals, doctors, specialists, and other healthcare professionals.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal law passed in 1996 that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge.

HIPAA compliance refers to the rules and policies that healthcare organizations must implement to protect the privacy, security, and integrity of protected health information.

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act) of 2009 provides HHS with the authority to establish programs to improve healthcare quality, safety, and efficiency through the promotion of health IT, including electronic health records and private and secure electronic health information exchange. Learn more about select portions of the HITECH Act that relate to ONC’s work. 

The Health Information Trust Alliance (HITRUST) is a non-profit that provides data protection standards and certification programs to help healthcare organizations safeguard sensitive information, manage information risk, and reach compliance goals. 

Founded in 1987, Health Level Seven International (HL7) is a not-for-profit, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) -accredited Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) serving the healthcare industry with a focus on clinical and administrative data. HL7 is supported by members from over 50 countries, including over 500 corporate members representing healthcare providers, government stakeholders, payers, pharmaceutical companies, vendors/suppliers and consulting firms. HL7 provides standards and solutions for the healthcare industry's interoperability challenges. HL7 is dedicated to pro

The Da Vinci Project

is a private-sector initiative that accelerates the adoption of HL7 FHIR as the standard to support and integrate value-based care (VBC) data exchange across communities.

HL7 FHIR is the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources 1 standard defines how healthcare information can be exchanged between different computer systems regardless of how it is stored in those systems.

A HMO is a type of health insurance plan that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO. It generally won't cover out-of-network care except in an emergency. An HMO may require you to live or work in its service area to be eligible for coverage.

Healthcare providers or services that are part of the contracted network of a specific insurance plan. Referring patients to in-network providers may impact coverage and out-of-pocket costs.

For Insurance Carrier, See Payer

Interoperability refers to the ability of applications to exchange and make use of information.

Medical Authorization is when a service prescribed by the physician is not covered by the patient’s insurance company, the PCP must obtain medical authorization. The physician needs to contact the insurance company or fill in the required forms to explain why the prescribed service is required and the supporting clinical factors.

A medical necessity is the determination that a healthcare service or treatment is required to prevent, diagnose, or treat a medical condition and is consistent with generally accepted medical standards.

A network is a group of healthcare providers, including primary care physicians and specialists, contracted with an insurance plan or healthcare organization to provide services to covered individuals.

Notice of Action (NOA) is a letter that health plans must send to patients when a requested service has been denied.

Notice of Admission is a one-time notification for a series of home health periods of care.

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) is at the forefront of the administration’s health IT efforts and is a resource to the entire health system to support the adoption of health information technology and the promotion of nationwide, standards-based health information exchange to improve health care. ONC is the principal federal entity charged with coordinating nationwide efforts to implement and use the most advanced health information technology and the electronic exchange of health information.

Out-of-Network are healthcare providers or services that are not part of the contracted network of a specific insurance plan. Referring patients to out-of-network providers may result in higher costs for the patient.

Prior Authorization Support (PAS) is the administrative process for obtaining approvals. PAS typically involves submitting detailed information about the patient's medical condition and proposed treatment to the payer for review. PAS aims to ensure that the requested healthcare services are medically necessary and appropriate while also managing costs and ensuring compliance with insurance policies.

A payer is a person, organization, or entity that pays for the care services administered by a healthcare provider. This most often refers to health insurance companies, which provide people with insurance that offers cost coverage and reimbursements for medical services. This could be a private insurance company or a government program.

Payer connection is an electric connection point used to manage transactions/communications between healthcare services companies to payers and TPAs. 

Prior Authorization/Referral payer fax forms that are completed by healthcare organizations and submitted to insurance companies via electronic fax.

Often referred to as a health plan, Payer plans are offered by insurance companies to assist in the cost and reimbursements for medical services.

Payer portals allow healthcare organizations to pull prior authorizations and check the status of referrals.

A payer web form is an online form used to submit prior authorizations outside of electronic fax or portal submission.

Peer-to-Peer Review is a utilization review process typically associated with a prior authorization denial whereby a conversation is requested between the requesting provider and a payer medical director to discuss medical necessity.

A POS plan is a type of managed-care health insurance plan that provides different benefits depending on whether the policyholder uses in-network or out-of-network healthcare providers.

A preferred provider organization (PPO) is a health insurance plan for individuals and families. PPOs involve networks that are made up of contracted medical professionals and health insurance companies. Healthcare facilities and practitioners, known as preferred providers, offer services to the insurer's plan policyholders at reduced rates.

For Pre-Approval/ Prior Approval, See Prior Authorization

For Pre-Authorization, See Prior Authorization

For Pre-Cert, See Pre-Certification 

Pre-certification is a process similar to prior authorization, whereby a request for approval for a service is performed without the need to verify medical necessity; typically entails verifying that a service is a covered benefit with a contracted, in-network provider and at an in-network facility.

Prescription prior authorization is a process required by some health insurance plans where healthcare providers must obtain approval from the insurance company before certain medications can be prescribed to patients. This approval ensures that the medication is medically necessary and appropriate based on the patient's condition and the insurer's coverage policies. 

A Primary Care Physician is the healthcare provider who serves as the patient's main point of contact for general health concerns and coordinates overall care, including making referrals to specialists when needed. 

Prior authorization—sometimes called pre-authorization or pre-certification—is a health plan cost-control process by which physicians and other health care providers must obtain advance approval from a health plan before a specific service is delivered to the patient to qualify for payment coverage. Prior authorization is a formal request made by the medical provider (before offering a medical service) seeking authorization from the insurance company to proceed with a medical service. Authorizations can be sought for tests, surgeries, prescriptions, and other medical services. 

A prior authorization determination refers to the decision made by a health insurance company regarding whether to approve or deny a request for coverage of a specific medical service, procedure, or medication. This determination is based on factors such as medical necessity, coverage policies, and clinical guidelines. 

Prior Authorization Request or Submission is when the provider or supplier submits a pre-claim review request and receives the decision prior to claim submission. However, the provider or supplier can render services before submitting the request. A provider or supplier submits the prior authorization or pre-claim review request with all supporting medical documentation to approve coverage for the item or service to their payer.

Prior Authorization Status is the indication of the current stage or condition of a request for approval of a medical service, procedure, or medication by a health insurance company. It typically includes whether the request is pending review, approved, denied, or requires additional information from the healthcare provider or patient.

Prior Authorization Verification involves confirming the details of a prior authorization request for a medical service, procedure, or medication.

A procedure code is a numerical code that identifies specific medical procedures or services, often according to the Current Procedural Terminology or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System. 

Re-direct is a process where a requested service as part of a prior authorization is re-directed to either a preferred, in-network provider, facility, or both. Typically, to a preferred lower cost option for the payer.

A referral is an order from your PCP to see a specialist or receive certain medical services from some providers. Many HMOs require a referral before a patient gets medical care from anyone other than the primary care provider.

Referral authorization is the requirement of a referral from your primary care doctor for most other medical services.

Referral coordinator is a healthcare professional responsible for managing and facilitating the referral process, including obtaining authorizations, communicating with specialists, and ensuring follow-up care. 

Referral Criteria is specific guidelines or requirements that must be met for a referral to be considered appropriate, often based on medical necessity and established clinical guidelines. 

A referral form is a document healthcare providers use to formally request a referral for a patient. It typically includes information about the patient's condition, relevant medical history, and the reason for the referral. 

Referral leakage is the situation where patients seek care outside of their designated referral network, potentially leading to fragmented care and increased healthcare costs. 

Referral Management is the systematic coordination and oversight of the referral process, ensuring that patients receive appropriate and timely care from specialists. 

Referral network management is the strategic management and optimization of a healthcare provider network to ensure patient access to a comprehensive range of services and specialties. 

Referral status is the current state or progress of a referral, indicating whether it is pending, approved, denied, or completed. 

Referral steerage, or healthcare navigation and guidance, is when a health plan directs a member to contracted, lowest-cost providers and facilities in-network.

Rest API is an API that adheres to the principles of the REST, or representational state transfer architectural style. 

Retro authorization is a process where the payer reviews a service that has already been performed to determine if it was covered under the patient's insurance policy and is medically necessary. This is typically done after the service has been completed and is used to recover payment for services that were not previously authorized. 

Sites of Care is a preferredfacility or location for the providing of a service; alsosee re-direct; an example is where a service is denied or changed to a different in-network, preferred facility; common examples are redirecting facility from a hospital setting to an ambulatory diagnostic imaging center or ambulatory surgery center. 

A specialist is a healthcare provider with expertise in a specific area of medicine or healthcare, such as a cardiologist, dermatologist, or orthopedic surgeon.

Step therapy is a process where a patient must try and fail one or more less expensive or risky treatments before the insurance company will approve a more costly or complex treatment. 

A Third-Party Administrator is an administrative services provider that delivers support for self-insured health plans.

The evaluation and management of healthcare services to ensure they are medically necessary and cost-effective. Prior authorization and referral management are components of utilization management.